feat: add FileWriter base interface for data file writers

src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ set(ICEBERG_INCLUDES "$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src>"
 set(ICEBERG_SOURCES
     arrow_c_data_guard_internal.cc
     catalog/memory/in_memory_catalog.cc
+    data/writer.cc
     delete_file_index.cc
     expression/aggregate.cc
     expression/binder.cc
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ add_iceberg_lib(iceberg
 iceberg_install_all_headers(iceberg)
 
 add_subdirectory(catalog)
+add_subdirectory(data)
 add_subdirectory(expression)
 add_subdirectory(manifest)
 add_subdirectory(row)

src/iceberg/data/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+iceberg_install_all_headers(iceberg/data)

src/iceberg/data/writer.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "iceberg/data/writer.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+// FileWriter is a pure virtual interface class.
+// Implementations will be provided in subsequent tasks.
+
+}  // namespace iceberg

src/iceberg/data/writer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// \file iceberg/data/writer.h
+/// Base interface for Iceberg data file writers.
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "iceberg/arrow_c_data.h"
+#include "iceberg/iceberg_export.h"
+#include "iceberg/manifest/manifest_entry.h"
+#include "iceberg/result.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Base interface for data file writers.
+///
+/// This interface defines the common operations for writing Iceberg data files,
+/// including data files, equality delete files, and position delete files.
+///
+/// Typical usage:
+/// 1. Create a writer instance (via concrete implementation)
+/// 2. Call Write() one or more times to write data
+/// 3. Call Close() to finalize the file
+/// 4. Call Metadata() to get file metadata (only valid after Close())
+///
+/// \note This interface is not thread-safe. Concurrent calls to Write()
+/// from multiple threads on the same instance are not supported.
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT FileWriter {
+ public:
+  virtual ~FileWriter() = default;
+
+  /// \brief Write a batch of records.
+  ///
+  /// \param data Arrow array containing the records to write.
+  /// \return Status indicating success or failure.
+  virtual Status Write(ArrowArray* data) = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Get the current number of bytes written.
+  ///
+  /// \return Result containing the number of bytes written or an error.
+  virtual Result<int64_t> Length() const = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Close the writer and finalize the file.
+  ///
+  /// \return Status indicating success or failure.
+  virtual Status Close() = 0;
+
+  /// \brief File metadata for all files produced by the writer.
+  struct ICEBERG_EXPORT WriteResult {
+    /// Usually a writer produces a single data or delete file.
+    /// Position delete writer may produce multiple file-scoped delete files.
+    /// In the future, multiple files can be produced if file rolling is supported.
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DataFile>> data_files;
+  };
+
+  /// \brief Get file metadata for all files produced by this writer.
+  ///
+  /// This method should be called after Close() to retrieve the metadata
+  /// for all files written by this writer.
+  ///
+  /// \return Result containing the write result or an error.
+  virtual Result<WriteResult> Metadata() = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace iceberg

src/iceberg/test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -165,6 +165,8 @@ if(ICEBERG_BUILD_BUNDLE)
                    update_properties_test.cc
                    update_sort_order_test.cc)
 
+  add_iceberg_test(data_writer_test USE_BUNDLE SOURCES data_writer_test.cc)
+
 endif()
 
 if(ICEBERG_BUILD_REST)

src/iceberg/test/data_writer_test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "iceberg/arrow_c_data.h"
+#include "iceberg/data/writer.h"
+#include "iceberg/manifest/manifest_entry.h"
+#include "iceberg/result.h"
+#include "iceberg/test/matchers.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+// Mock implementation of FileWriter for testing
+class MockFileWriter : public FileWriter {
+ public:
+  MockFileWriter() = default;
+
+  Status Write(ArrowArray* data) override {
+    if (is_closed_) {
+      return Invalid("Writer is closed");
+    }
+    if (data == nullptr) {
+      return Invalid("Null data provided");
+    }
+    write_count_++;
+    // Simulate writing some bytes
+    bytes_written_ += 1024;
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  Result<int64_t> Length() const override { return bytes_written_; }
+
+  Status Close() override {
+    if (is_closed_) {
+      return Invalid("Writer already closed");
+    }
+    is_closed_ = true;
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  Result<WriteResult> Metadata() override {
+    if (!is_closed_) {
+      return Invalid("Writer must be closed before getting metadata");
+    }
+
+    WriteResult result;
+    auto data_file = std::make_shared<DataFile>();
+    data_file->file_path = "/test/data/file.parquet";
+    data_file->file_format = FileFormatType::kParquet;
+    data_file->record_count = write_count_ * 100;
+    data_file->file_size_in_bytes = bytes_written_;
+    result.data_files.push_back(data_file);
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  bool is_closed() const { return is_closed_; }
+  int32_t write_count() const { return write_count_; }
+
+ private:
+  int64_t bytes_written_ = 0;
+  bool is_closed_ = false;
+  int32_t write_count_ = 0;
+};
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, BasicWriteOperation) {
+  MockFileWriter writer;
+
+  // Create a dummy ArrowArray (normally this would contain actual data)
+  ArrowArray dummy_array = {};
+
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Write(&dummy_array), IsOk());
+  ASSERT_EQ(writer.write_count(), 1);
+
+  auto length_result = writer.Length();
+  ASSERT_THAT(length_result, IsOk());
+  ASSERT_EQ(*length_result, 1024);
+}
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, MultipleWrites) {
+  MockFileWriter writer;
+  ArrowArray dummy_array = {};
+
+  // Write multiple times
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    ASSERT_THAT(writer.Write(&dummy_array), IsOk());
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(writer.write_count(), 5);
+
+  auto length_result = writer.Length();
+  ASSERT_THAT(length_result, IsOk());
+  ASSERT_EQ(*length_result, 5120);  // 5 * 1024
+}
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, WriteNullData) {
+  MockFileWriter writer;
+
+  auto status = writer.Write(nullptr);
+  ASSERT_THAT(status, HasErrorMessage("Null data provided"));
+}
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, CloseWriter) {
+  MockFileWriter writer;
+  ArrowArray dummy_array = {};
+
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Write(&dummy_array), IsOk());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(writer.is_closed());
+
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Close(), IsOk());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(writer.is_closed());
+}
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, DoubleClose) {
+  MockFileWriter writer;
+
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Close(), IsOk());
+  auto status = writer.Close();
+  ASSERT_THAT(status, HasErrorMessage("Writer already closed"));
+}
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, WriteAfterClose) {
+  MockFileWriter writer;
+  ArrowArray dummy_array = {};
+
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Close(), IsOk());
+
+  auto status = writer.Write(&dummy_array);
+  ASSERT_THAT(status, HasErrorMessage("Writer is closed"));
+}
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, MetadataBeforeClose) {
+  MockFileWriter writer;
+  ArrowArray dummy_array = {};
+
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Write(&dummy_array), IsOk());
+
+  auto metadata_result = writer.Metadata();
+  ASSERT_THAT(metadata_result,
+              HasErrorMessage("Writer must be closed before getting metadata"));
+}
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, MetadataAfterClose) {
+  MockFileWriter writer;
+  ArrowArray dummy_array = {};
+
+  // Write some data
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Write(&dummy_array), IsOk());
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Write(&dummy_array), IsOk());
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Write(&dummy_array), IsOk());
+
+  // Close the writer
+  ASSERT_THAT(writer.Close(), IsOk());
+
+  // Get metadata
+  auto metadata_result = writer.Metadata();
+  ASSERT_THAT(metadata_result, IsOk());
+
+  const auto& result = *metadata_result;
+  ASSERT_EQ(result.data_files.size(), 1);
+
+  const auto& data_file = result.data_files[0];
+  ASSERT_EQ(data_file->file_path, "/test/data/file.parquet");
+  ASSERT_EQ(data_file->file_format, FileFormatType::kParquet);
+  ASSERT_EQ(data_file->record_count, 300);         // 3 writes * 100 records
+  ASSERT_EQ(data_file->file_size_in_bytes, 3072);  // 3 * 1024
+}
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, WriteResultStructure) {
+  FileWriter::WriteResult result;
+
+  // Test that WriteResult can hold multiple data files
+  auto data_file1 = std::make_shared<DataFile>();
+  data_file1->file_path = "/test/data/file1.parquet";
+  data_file1->record_count = 100;
+
+  auto data_file2 = std::make_shared<DataFile>();
+  data_file2->file_path = "/test/data/file2.parquet";
+  data_file2->record_count = 200;
+
+  result.data_files.push_back(data_file1);
+  result.data_files.push_back(data_file2);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(result.data_files.size(), 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(result.data_files[0]->file_path, "/test/data/file1.parquet");
+  ASSERT_EQ(result.data_files[0]->record_count, 100);
+  ASSERT_EQ(result.data_files[1]->file_path, "/test/data/file2.parquet");
+  ASSERT_EQ(result.data_files[1]->record_count, 200);
+}
+
+TEST(FileWriterTest, EmptyWriteResult) {
+  FileWriter::WriteResult result;
+  ASSERT_EQ(result.data_files.size(), 0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(result.data_files.empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace iceberg