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@deathbyknowledge deathbyknowledge commented Dec 2, 2025

Rewrote E2E tests to share a single sandbox container across all test files. Tests now run in parallel using sessions for isolation (~30s vs ~280s before).

Mainly did:

  • Add global-setup.ts and helpers/global-sandbox.ts for shared container
  • Add comprehensive-workflow.test.ts for consolidated happy path tests
  • Convert all test files to shared sandbox pattern
  • Update vitest config for parallel execution with global setup
  • Add ports 9090-9092 to Dockerfiles for process-readiness tests
  • Fix first-run failures by warming both base and Python containers

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Latest commit: f3269bf

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@deathbyknowledge deathbyknowledge marked this pull request as ready for review December 2, 2025 11:04
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npm i https://pkg.pr.new/cloudflare/sandbox-sdk/@cloudflare/sandbox@266

commit: f3269bf

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🐳 Docker Images Published

Default (no Python):

FROM cloudflare/sandbox:0.0.0-pr-266-3a8ffc8

With Python:

FROM cloudflare/sandbox:0.0.0-pr-266-3a8ffc8-python

Version: 0.0.0-pr-266-3a8ffc8

Use the -python variant if you need Python code execution.

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Claude Code Review

Strong refactoring - shared sandbox pattern is architecturally sound and should dramatically reduce E2E test execution time.

Critical Issues

1. Hard-coded paths cause race conditions

Lines 536, 545, 561 in comprehensive-workflow.test.ts use /workspace/test-image.png. With shared sandbox, multiple tests can create/delete this file simultaneously. Use the uniqueTestPath() pattern already imported:

const imagePath = uniqueTestPath('test-image.png');
command: `echo '${pngBase64}' | base64 -d > ${imagePath}`

2. Wrong parameter order in session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts:40

createTestHeaders(createUniqueSession()) passes sessionId where sandboxId goes. Function signature is (sandboxId: string, sessionId?: string). Should be:

baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(sandboxId, createUniqueSession());

3. Implicit any violations (CLAUDE.md line 270)

Found at:

  • global-sandbox.ts:139 - catch block missing error parameter
  • global-sandbox.ts:217 - catch (error) should be catch (error: unknown)
  • global-setup.ts:66 - catch (e) should be catch (error: unknown)

Cleanup Items

4. Signal handlers are redundant (global-sandbox.ts:195-205)

Vitest's global teardown already handles cleanup. Signal handlers add complexity without benefit, and async cleanup won't complete before process termination anyway. Remove them.

5. Unused imports (session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts:7-9)

createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox are imported but unused. Remove dead imports.

Verdict

Issues #1 and #2 are blocking bugs. Issue #3 violates coding standards. Fix these before merge.

method: 'POST',
headers,
body: JSON.stringify({
command: `echo '${pngBase64}' | base64 -d > /workspace/test-image.png`
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Hard-coded /workspace/test-image.png creates race conditions with shared sandbox. Use uniqueTestPath('test-image.png') pattern (same issue on lines 545, 561).

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Issue persists at lines 536, 545, 561 (diff lines 2217, 2226, 2242). All three use hard-coded /workspace/test-image.png path.

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Issue persists at lines 536, 545, 561 (diff lines 2217, 2226, 2242). All three use hard-coded /workspace/test-image.png path.

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Issue persists at lines 536, 545, 561.

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Issue persists at lines 536, 545, 561.

const sandbox = await getSharedSandbox();
workerUrl = sandbox.workerUrl;
sandboxId = sandbox.sandboxId;
baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(createUniqueSession());
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Critical bug: Wrong parameter order. createTestHeaders expects (sandboxId, sessionId?) but this passes sessionId in the sandboxId position. Should be:

baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(sandboxId, createUniqueSession());

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Critical bug persists at line 40 (diff line 6212). Still passing createUniqueSession() as first parameter where sandboxId is expected.

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Critical bug persists at line 40 (diff line 6212). Still passing createUniqueSession() as first parameter where sandboxId is expected.

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Critical bug persists at line 40.

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Critical bug persists at line 40.

};
return sharedSandbox;
}
} catch {
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Missing error parameter violates CLAUDE.md line 270. Should be catch (error: unknown) if error is used, or catch with empty block if ignored.

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Still present at line 139 - this is in the new global-sandbox.ts file.

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Issue persists at line 139.

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Issue persists at line 139.

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Still needs fixing - posted updated inline comment.


try {
await cleanupSandbox(sharedSandbox.workerUrl, sharedSandbox.sandboxId);
} catch (error) {
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Should be catch (error: unknown) per CLAUDE.md line 270.

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Still present at line 217 in global-sandbox.ts.

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Issue persists at line 217.

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Issue persists at line 217.

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Still needs fixing - posted updated inline comment.

if (sandboxId && workerUrl) {
try {
await cleanupSandbox(workerUrl, sandboxId);
} catch (e) {
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Should be catch (error: unknown) per CLAUDE.md line 270.

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New issue at line 66 in global-setup.ts: catch (e) should be catch (e: unknown).

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Issue persists at global-setup.ts:80.

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Still needs fixing - posted updated inline comment.

await cleanupSharedSandbox();
});

// Handle SIGTERM/SIGINT for graceful shutdown (e.g., Ctrl+C, CI termination)
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Signal handlers at lines 199-205 are redundant with vitest's global teardown and should be removed. Async cleanup won't complete before process termination anyway.

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Signal handlers still present at lines 199-205 in global-sandbox.ts (diff lines 4678-4683). These are redundant with vitest's global teardown.

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Signal handlers still present at lines 199-205 in global-sandbox.ts (diff lines 4678-4683).

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Signal handlers persist at lines 199-205. Posted updated inline comment.

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Signal handlers persist at lines 199-205.

getSharedSandbox
} from './helpers/global-sandbox';
import {
createSandboxId,
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createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox are imported but unused. Remove dead imports.

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✅ Fixed! Unused imports removed.

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✅ Fixed! Unused imports removed.

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Partially fixed - createTestHeaders is actually used at line 40, but createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox are unused. However, line 40 has critical bug with wrong parameter order.

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createTestHeaders IS used, but createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox are not. Posted updated inline comment.

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Claude Code Review

The shared sandbox pattern is architecturally sound and will significantly improve E2E test performance. However, 3 critical bugs must be fixed before merge.

Critical Issues

1. Wrong Parameter Order (session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts:40)

Critical bug: Line 40 passes createUniqueSession() result where createTestHeaders expects sandboxId as first parameter.

// Current (wrong)
baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(createUniqueSession());

// Should be
baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(sandboxId);

The function signature is createTestHeaders(sandboxId: string, sessionId?: string). You're passing a session ID where sandbox ID is expected, routing API calls to a random sandbox.

2. Hard-coded File Paths (comprehensive-workflow.test.ts:536, 545, 561)

Using /workspace/test-image.png in shared sandbox creates race conditions. Multiple tests could write/read/delete the same file simultaneously.

Use the uniquePath() pattern already available:

const imagePath = uniqueTestPath('test-image.png');

3. Implicit any Types - Coding Standards Violation

CLAUDE.md line 270: "Never use the any type". Found 10 violations:

Missing error parameter (implicit any):

  • global-sandbox.ts:139 - } catch { (no error param at all)

Untyped catch blocks:

  • global-sandbox.ts:217 - catch (error)
  • global-setup.ts:80 - catch (e)
  • comprehensive-workflow.test.ts:410 - catch (error)
  • streaming-operations-workflow.test.ts:58 - catch (error)
  • bucket-mounting.test.ts:145 - catch (error)
  • process-lifecycle-workflow.test.ts:157 - catch (e)
  • test-fixtures.ts:140, 194 - catch (error) (2 instances)

All need catch (error: unknown).

Non-Critical Issues

Unused Imports (session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts:7-9)

Lines 7-9 import createSandboxId, createTestHeaders, cleanupSandbox from test-fixtures but only createTestHeaders is used. The first and last are dead imports.

Redundant Signal Handlers (global-sandbox.ts:199-205)

Signal handlers at lines 199-205 are redundant with vitest's global teardown (global-setup.ts exports teardown()). Vitest handles cleanup automatically. Having both can cause double-cleanup or races.

Recommend removing SIGTERM/SIGINT handlers and relying solely on vitest's teardown.

Architectural Assessment

Excellent changes:

  • Shared sandbox pattern reduces container startup from O(n) to O(1)
  • Correct use of sessions for isolation within single container
  • Global setup/teardown properly integrated
  • Docker build caching will speed up CI

Concerns addressed:

  • Test consolidation maintains coverage while being more realistic
  • uniqueTestPath() helper properly designed (just not consistently used)

Verdict

Fix the 3 critical bugs (wrong params, hard-coded paths, implicit any types) and this will be an excellent improvement. The unused imports and signal handlers should also be cleaned up but aren't blocking.

const sandbox = await getSharedSandbox();
workerUrl = sandbox.workerUrl;
sandboxId = sandbox.sandboxId;
baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(createUniqueSession());
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Critical bug: Passing session ID where sandbox ID expected. Should be createTestHeaders(sandboxId) not createTestHeaders(createUniqueSession()). Function signature is (sandboxId: string, sessionId?: string).

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Critical bug persists but in different form. Line 40 now passes createUniqueSession() directly where sandboxId is expected. Must be createTestHeaders(sandboxId, createUniqueSession()).

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Critical bug persists at line 40. Posted new inline comment.

method: 'POST',
headers,
body: JSON.stringify({
command: `echo '${pngBase64}' | base64 -d > /workspace/test-image.png`
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Hard-coded /workspace/test-image.png creates race conditions in shared sandbox. Use uniqueTestPath('test-image.png') pattern. Same issue on lines 545, 561.

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Issue persists at lines 536, 545, 561.

};
return sharedSandbox;
}
} catch {
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Missing error parameter violates CLAUDE.md line 270. Should be catch (error: unknown) if error is used, or document why error is intentionally ignored.

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Issue persists at line 139.


try {
await cleanupSandbox(sharedSandbox.workerUrl, sharedSandbox.sandboxId);
} catch (error) {
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Should be catch (error: unknown) per CLAUDE.md line 270.

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Issue persists at line 217. Still needs catch (error: unknown).

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Issue persists at line 217.

await cleanupSharedSandbox();
});

// Handle SIGTERM/SIGINT for graceful shutdown (e.g., Ctrl+C, CI termination)
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Signal handlers at lines 199-205 are redundant with vitest's global teardown and should be removed. The beforeExit handler at line 195 is also unnecessary since global-setup.ts exports teardown().

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Signal handlers persist at lines 195-205. These conflict with vitest teardown and should be removed.

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Signal handlers persist at lines 199-205.

getSharedSandbox
} from './helpers/global-sandbox';
import {
createSandboxId,
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createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox are imported but unused. Remove dead imports.

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createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox still imported but unused at lines 7-9. Remove dead imports.

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Unused imports persist at lines 7-9.

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Claude Code Review

Hard-coded paths in comprehensive-workflow.test.ts are fixed - nice work.

Critical bug persists at session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts:40:

baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(createUniqueSession());

Function signature is createTestHeaders(sandboxId: string, sessionId?: string) but you're passing sessionId where sandboxId is expected. Should be:

baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(sandboxId, createUniqueSession());

TypeScript violations (CLAUDE.md line 270):

  • global-sandbox.ts:217 - catch (error) should be catch (error: unknown)
  • global-setup.ts:79 - catch (e) should be catch (error: unknown)

Clean up:

  • global-sandbox.ts:195-205 - Signal handlers are redundant with vitest teardown, should be removed
  • session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts:7-9 - Remove unused imports createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox

Fix the critical bug first, then address the TypeScript violations.

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Claude Code Review

The shared sandbox refactor is architecturally sound, but multiple blocking issues from previous reviews remain unfixed. These will cause runtime failures and violate project standards.

Blocking Issues

1. Critical bug at session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts:40

Wrong parameter order - passes sessionId where sandboxId expected. Function signature is createTestHeaders(sandboxId: string, sessionId?: string) but code calls createTestHeaders(createUniqueSession()).

Should be:

baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(sandboxId);

This will cause runtime errors since the sandbox ID will be wrong.

2. Hard-coded paths in comprehensive-workflow.test.ts

Lines 536, 545, 561 use /workspace/test-image.png instead of uniqueTestPath('test-image.png'). This creates race conditions with the shared sandbox - multiple tests will conflict on this fixed path.

3. TypeScript standards violations

CLAUDE.md line 270 requires catch (error: unknown), but these locations violate it:

  • global-sandbox.ts:139 - Empty catch block (no error parameter)
  • global-sandbox.ts:217 - catch (error) without type annotation
  • global-setup.ts:80 - catch (e) without type annotation

4. Dead imports

session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts lines 7-9 import createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox but never use them.

Non-Blocking Issues

Signal handlers are redundant (global-sandbox.ts:199-205)

The SIGTERM/SIGINT handlers duplicate vitest's global teardown. Async cleanup won't complete before process termination anyway. Should remove lines 199-205 - the global teardown in global-setup.ts:74-95 already handles cleanup properly.

Verdict

Needs fixes before merge

The critical bug in session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts will cause test failures. The hard-coded paths will cause race conditions. The TypeScript violations explicitly contradict CLAUDE.md standards. All blocking issues must be fixed.

const sandbox = await getSharedSandbox();
workerUrl = sandbox.workerUrl;
sandboxId = sandbox.sandboxId;
baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(createUniqueSession());
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Critical bug: Wrong parameter order. createTestHeaders signature is (sandboxId: string, sessionId?: string) but this passes a sessionId where sandboxId is expected.

Should be:

baseHeaders = createTestHeaders(sandboxId);

The sessionId should not be passed here - line 56 shows the correct usage: createTestHeaders(sandboxId!) when creating new sessions.

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Issue persists. Still passing sessionId where sandboxId is expected. This is a critical bug that will cause test failures.

getSharedSandbox
} from './helpers/global-sandbox';
import {
createSandboxId,
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createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox are imported but never used. Remove dead imports.

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Issue persists. Remove unused imports.

method: 'POST',
headers,
body: JSON.stringify({
command: `echo '${pngBase64}' | base64 -d > /workspace/test-image.png`
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Hard-coded path /workspace/test-image.png creates race conditions with shared sandbox. Multiple tests will conflict on this fixed path.

Use the uniqueTestPath pattern:

const imagePath = uniqueTestPath('test-image.png');
command: `echo '${pngBase64}' | base64 -d > ${imagePath}`

Same issue on lines 545 and 561 - all three need fixing.

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Issue persists at lines 536, 545, 561. All three use hardcoded path.

};
return sharedSandbox;
}
} catch {
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Missing error parameter violates CLAUDE.md line 270. Should be:

} catch (error: unknown) {
  console.warn(
    '[SharedSandbox] Failed to read state file, creating new sandbox',
    error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
  );
}

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Issue persists at line 139.


try {
await cleanupSandbox(sharedSandbox.workerUrl, sharedSandbox.sandboxId);
} catch (error) {
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Should be catch (error: unknown) per CLAUDE.md line 270.

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Issue persists at line 217.

await cleanupSharedSandbox();
});

// Handle SIGTERM/SIGINT for graceful shutdown (e.g., Ctrl+C, CI termination)
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Signal handlers at lines 199-205 are redundant with vitest's global teardown (global-setup.ts:74-95). Async cleanup won't complete before process termination anyway. Remove these handlers - the global teardown already handles cleanup properly.

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Signal handlers still present at lines 199-205.

if (sandboxId && workerUrl) {
try {
await cleanupSandbox(workerUrl, sandboxId);
} catch (e) {
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Should be catch (e: unknown) per CLAUDE.md line 270.

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Issue persists at line 80.

Comment on lines +14 to +18
* What we verify:
* 1. keepAlive header is accepted and enables the mode
* 2. Multiple commands work with keepAlive enabled
* 3. File and process operations work with keepAlive
* 4. Explicit destroy works (cleanup endpoint)
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I don't think these tests are validating the core feature: keepAlive is primarily focused on the lifecycle of the container itself instead of what happens within the container. Ideally, this e2e test should be focused on ensuring that setting keepAlive keeps the container alive until it's explicitly destroyed.

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Thinking a bit more about this... I also wonder how we'd do this, considering the default sleepAfter is 10 minutes. Probably the older tests didn't test this feature properly either. Does using setSleepAfter to a much shorter duration help?

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Oof... I'll try updating sleepAfter. Is there a way we can confirm the container went to sleep? Seems like a hard thing to test for from here

Comment on lines 15 to 20
* This file focuses on:
* - Command failures with non-zero exit codes
* - Nonexistent commands (exit code 127)
* - Long-running commands (15s+, 60s+)
* - High-volume streaming
* - Intermittent output gaps
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I like these focus areas, but looks like we've removed most of these

} from './helpers/global-sandbox';
import type { ExecResult } from '@repo/shared';

/**
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can/should we expand this test to cover all the ways in which it's possible to set envs and whether they're getting overridden properly?

  1. Via ENV in dockerfile
  2. Via setEnvVars at the sandbox level
  3. Via setEnvVars at the session level
  4. Passing env to exec/execStream/startProcess

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IMO not in the e2e tests. We can ensure the logic works properly on "cheaper" tests

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Hmm, but where else though? I don't think unit tests can capture this due to the granularity? Esp. considering the 4-level hierarchy (tbh, i can't remember if levels 2 & 3 override each other - so we can check that).

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Claude Code Review

Architecture is sound - shared sandbox pattern correctly implements session isolation with proper cleanup. Performance improvement (280s → 30s) is validated.

Critical bug blocks merge: session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts:40 passes sessionId where sandboxId is expected, causing requests to route to wrong sandbox.

Issues from previous reviews still need attention - see inline threads for details.

Do not merge until critical issue is fixed.

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Claude Code Review

Still seeing the same 5 issues from previous reviews:

1. Hard-coded paths break shared sandbox pattern (comprehensive-workflow.test.ts:536, 545, 561)

/workspace/test-image.png creates race conditions. Multiple parallel tests will conflict. Use the uniqueTestPath() helper that's already imported.

2. Unused imports (session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts:7-9)

createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox are imported but never used. Remove them.

3. Implicit any in catch blocks (violates CLAUDE.md:270)

  • global-sandbox.ts:139 - empty catch needs (error: unknown) param
  • global-sandbox.ts:217 - catch (error) should be catch (error: unknown)
  • global-setup.ts:80 - catch (e) should be catch (e: unknown)

4. Redundant signal handlers (global-sandbox.ts:195-205)

The beforeExit and signal handlers conflict with vitest's global teardown. Vitest already handles cleanup via teardown() in global-setup.ts. Remove these handlers.


Fix these 5 issues and it's ready to merge.

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Claude Code Review

Good progress on the E2E refactor! The shared sandbox architecture is solid and the performance improvement is significant.

Critical issue at line 40 was a false positive - that code is actually correct. The function signature is createTestHeaders(sandboxId: string, sessionId?: string) and the call properly passes a string to the optional sessionId parameter.

However, three real issues need fixing:

  1. Race condition: Hard-coded paths (comprehensive-workflow.test.ts:536, 545, 561) - Multiple parallel tests will conflict on /workspace/test-image.png. Need to use uniqueTestPath() pattern like the git clone test does.

  2. TypeScript violations: Implicit any in catch blocks - Three locations violate CLAUDE.md line 270. Must use catch (error: unknown) with proper type narrowing.

  3. Dead code: Unused imports - session-state-isolation-workflow.test.ts imports createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox but never uses them.

Posted inline comments with exact fixes. These are quick changes.

method: 'POST',
headers,
body: JSON.stringify({
command: `echo '${pngBase64}' | base64 -d > /workspace/test-image.png`
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Race condition with shared sandbox: Hard-coded /workspace/test-image.png will cause conflicts when tests run in parallel. Add at line 527:

const testImagePath = uniqueTestPath('test-image.png');

Then use ${testImagePath} here and on lines 545, 561.

};
return sharedSandbox;
}
} catch {
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Violates CLAUDE.md line 270. Change to:

} catch (error: unknown) {
  const msg = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error';
  console.warn(`[SharedSandbox] Failed to read state file (${msg}), creating new sandbox`);
}


try {
await cleanupSandbox(sharedSandbox.workerUrl, sharedSandbox.sandboxId);
} catch (error) {
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Should be catch (error: unknown) per CLAUDE.md line 270:

} catch (error: unknown) {
  console.warn('[SharedSandbox] Cleanup error:', error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
}

if (sandboxId && workerUrl) {
try {
await cleanupSandbox(workerUrl, sandboxId);
} catch (e) {
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Should be catch (error: unknown) per CLAUDE.md line 270:

} catch (error: unknown) {
  console.warn('[GlobalTeardown] Cleanup error:', error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
}

getSharedSandbox
} from './helpers/global-sandbox';
import {
createSandboxId,
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createSandboxId and cleanupSandbox are imported but never used. Remove them:

import {
  createTestHeaders
} from './helpers/test-fixtures';

@deathbyknowledge deathbyknowledge merged commit 9166bff into main Dec 5, 2025
20 of 21 checks passed
@deathbyknowledge deathbyknowledge deleted the refactor-e2e branch December 5, 2025 12:49
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2 participants