[12.x] Add DatePeriod support and fix recurrence handling in whereBetween

[jfBiswajit]

Description

This PR improves the whereBetween method in Laravel's Query Builder so it can work smoothly with PHP's DatePeriod class. It also fixes a problem where periods created using a recurrence count (rather than an end date) would previously cause errors.

What Changed

whereBetween now supports DatePeriod in addition to CarbonPeriod. Periods created with either an end date or a recurrence count will work as expected. All existing uses of CarbonPeriod remain fully compatible, and tests have been added to ensure this behavior.

Why This Matters

Before this change, whereBetween had two main issues:

1. It only worked with CarbonPeriod, not the base DatePeriod.
2. It failed when DatePeriod objects were created using a recurrence count instead of an explicit end date.

This PR resolves both issues, making period-based queries more flexible and reliable. Support for additional period options like EXCLUDE_START_DATE could be added in a future PR.

Examples

Before

$period = new DatePeriod(now(), new DateInterval('P1M'), 2);
Order::whereBetween('created_at', $period)->get(); // Error

After

// Using an end date
$period1 = new DatePeriod(now(), new DateInterval('P2M'), now()->addMonths(2));
Order::whereBetween('created_at', $period1)->get(); // Works

// Using recurrence count
$period2 = new DatePeriod(now(), new DateInterval('P2M'), 2);
Order::whereBetween('created_at', $period2)->get(); // Works

[shaedrich]

CarbonPeriod extends DataPeriod, so the OR is not necessary.

[taylorotwell]

Thanks for your pull request to Laravel!

Unfortunately, I'm going to delay merging this code for now. To preserve our ability to adequately maintain the framework, we need to be very careful regarding the amount of code we include.

If applicable, please consider releasing your code as a package so that the community can still take advantage of your contributions!